The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only ordinance-designated city. Sakhalin lies about 43 kilometres (27 mi) to the north of Hokkaidō, and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, though the four most southerly are claimed by Japan. The position of the island on the northern end of the archipelago results in a colder climate, with the island seeing significant snowfall each winter. Despite the harsher climate, it serves as an agricultural breadbasket for many crops.

Hokkaido was formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso. Although Japanese settlers ruled the southern tip of the island since the 16th century, Hokkaido was primarily inhabited by the Ainu people. In 1869, following the Meiji Restoration, the entire island was annexed, colonized and renamed Hokkaido by Japan. Japanese settlers dispossessed the Ainu of their land and forced them to assimilate. In the 21st century, the Ainu are almost totally assimilated into Japanese society; as a result, the majority of Japanese people of Ainu descent have no knowledge of their heritage and culture.

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Ring of Fire Cascadia: A Disaster Thriller

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Plate Tectonics: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Earth (Living Earth)

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The Adam and Eve Story, A History of Cataclysms by Chan Thomas - The Lost First Edition

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Geology For Dummies, 2nd Edition

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Volcanoes in Human History: The Far-Reaching Effects of Major Eruptions (Princeton Science Library)

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Suguru Puzzle Book for Adults - 500+ Puzzles: Number Blocks, Tectonic Puzzles | Easy, Medium and Hard

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Car First Aid Kits 275Pcs Survival Gear Home Travel Size Small Emergency Kit Tactical Hiking EVA Camping Essentials Backpack Sports Office Boat Urgent Accident

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TOUGH-GRID PC50 750lb Paracord - 100% Nylon Military Specifications Type IV - For Military, Camping, Hammocks, Emergencies - Camo Green

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General Medi Mini First Aid Kit, 92 Pieces Small First Aid Kit - Includes Emergency Foil Blanket, Scissors for Travel, Home, Office, Vehicle, Camping, Workplace & Outdoor (Red)

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WOWOSS Outdoor Multi-Function Tool Set, 25pcs Camping Gear Accessories for Hiking Emergency Preparedness (Age Restriction 18+)

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PSKOOK Paracord Survival Cord with Waxed Tinder Fishing Line Cotton Thread Outdoor Commercial Grade Braided Fire Parachute Cord Ropes

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HONYAO First Aid Kit, 105 Pieces Small First Aid Kit, Includes Plasters, Emergency Foil Blanket, Burn Gel for Travel Car Home Workplace Kids Camping Hiking Motorbike Holiday, Red

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